[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2.Levine H., Jrgensen N., Martino-Andrade A., Mendiola J., Weksler-Derri D., Jolles M., Pinotti R., Swan S.H
Abbreviations AhR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ALD: Alcohol-related liver disease AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase DAMPs: Danger-associated molecular patterns FAS: Fatty acid synthase FGF15: Fibroblast growth factor 15 FXR: Farnesoid X receptor GM: Gut microbiota GPCR: G-protein coupled receptor IF: Intermittent fasting IgA: Immunoglobulin A IL-22: Interleukin-22 IL-1: Interleukin-1 beta LPS: Lipopolysaccharides MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease MD: Mediterranean diet MetS: Metabolic syndrome MAMPs: Microbe-associated molecular patterns NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3 NLRP6: NOD-like receptor protein 6 NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 PAGln: Phenylacetylglutamine PAMPs: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns PRRs: Pattern recognition receptors SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids SREBP-1c: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c TGR5: Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 TLRs: Toll-like receptors TMA: Trimethylamine TMAO: Trimethylamine-N-oxide TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha References Abd El-Emam, M
Liu and Y
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Hormetic Response Mechanisms Hormesis describes the biological phenomenon where low doses of a stressor produce beneficial adaptive responses while higher doses become harmful
In a human clinical trial, individuals taking ME-3 gained a remarkable 49% increase in their reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio
