The absence of PINK1 inhibits PINK1-dependent mitophagy, and although cells may clear mitochondria through other pathways, the efficiency of their elimination is reduced, resulting in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, iron, and synuclein alpha (SNCA) or even ferroptosis in the substantia nigra of PD patients [176, 177]
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Likewise, this notion will be further supported by the detection of expression of particular genes ( Vegfr2, Src, Nos2, Nos1, Nos3, Akt1, Kras, Mapk1, Srf, Foxo1, Nfkb1, and Egr1 ) in hippocampal tissue
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