Hydroxocobalamin, the form most commonly used in the UK, may cause: Injection site reactions (pain, redness, or swelling) Temporary reddish discolouration of urine Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions Very rarely, hypokalaemia in severely deficient patients when treatment is initiated (potassium levels should be monitored in severe deficiency) B12 injections are considered very safe, with no upper tolerable limit established, as excess B12 is excreted in urine
It certainly wont hurt, since vitamin B12 doesnt cause problems at higher blood levels the way some vitamins do
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
[1] This makes it a safer option for metabolically complex patients
subtili s primarily produces butyrate via the butyrate kinase pathway, which is inefficient, and its colonization and metabolic activity within the host gut are limited by its growth rate
Homocysteine is a toxic amino acid that damages the heart and brain