VMP1, vacuole membrane protein 1
Mitochondria act dually as both generators and targets of ROS, with OXPHOS responsible for more than 95% of intracellular ROS production
277 Using microRNA expression profiling, Iliopoulos et al identified nine upregulated and seven downregulated miRNAs in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage
Sigma E2011), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 25 M, Sigma D1797) ferrostatin-1 (fer-1, 0.011 M, Sigma, SML0583), -tocopherol (-toco, 0.11 M, Sigma, T3251), Z-VAD-FMK (0.1100 M, BD Bioscience, 550337), TNF (50 ng/ml, PeproTech), IFN (50 ng/ml, R&D), IL-1 (10 ng/ml, PeproTech), LPS (100 ng/ml, Sigma L4524), IFN (2500U/ml, PBL, 12401-1), IL-4 (10 ng/ml, PeproTech 214-14), IL-6 (20 ng/ml, PeproTech 216-16), IL-22 (10 ng/ml, PeproTech 210-22), cholic acid (1 M, Sigma C9282), deoxycholic acid (1 M, Sigma D2510), ursodeoxycholic acid (1 M, Sigma U5127),(+/)8(9)- and (+/)11(12)- and (+/)14(15)-EETs (0.25 M Cayman Chemicals, 50511, 50651, 50351), ML351 (10 M, Sigma, SML1353), PD146176 (0.5 M, Sigma, P4620), zileuton (10 M, Sigma, Z4277), NCTT-956 (2 M, Sigma, SML0499), piroxicam (20 M, Sigma, P5654), 5-HETE (200nM-1M, Cayman Chemicals, 34210), 15-HPETE (200nM-1M, Cayman Chemicals, 44720), PGE2 (50 ng/ml, Sigma, P0409), BAY117082 (10 M, Sigma, B5556), MG132 (125 nM, ApexBio, A2585)
Meanwhile, Arbutin_d maintains coordination with CuB throughout the simulation, with only minor deviations from its original docking conformation (Fig
Vassallo, C
