10.2147/ijn.s10881 Int
According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, this absorption failure makes B12 injections the primary and most effective treatment, as they deliver the nutrient directly where your body can use it, bypassing the digestive system entirely
A 2.5 mg dose is 0.25 mL
Interestingly, another mechanism was proposed as an alternative way to stabilize NRF2 through the interaction between the autophagy adaptor protein p62/sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1) and KEAP1, which leads to the sequestration of KEAP1 in the autophagy-deficient cells and enables NRF2 accumulation [20]
de Klerk N, Maudsdotter L, Gebreegziabher H, Saroj SD, Eriksson B, Eriksson OS, Roos S, Lindn S, Sjlinder H, Jonsson A-B (2016) Lactobacilli reduce Helicobacter pylori attachment to host gastric epithelial cells byinhibiting adhesion gene expression
When you inject it or spray it into your mouth, inject it very slowly