Inflammation: Excessive sugar and unhealthy fats promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, which is linked to impaired memory and learning as well as an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases
For this reason, the inability to convert 5-methyl-THF to THF (as occurs via the B12- and folate-dependent enzyme, methionine synthase (also known as homocysteine methyltransferase) and then to any other THF derivative leads to trapping of folate in the reduced form
If a peptide doesn't hit one of those buckets, it is an unapproved new drug, he says
Immediate receptor binding (seconds to minutes), intracellular signaling cascade propagation (minutes to hours), gene expression changes (hours to days), protein synthesis and accumulation (days to weeks), cellular and tissue-level effects (weeks to months)
Zero sugar and no stimulants
doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00694-4 199 PoliniAdel MercatoLLBarraAZhangYSCalabiFGigliG