Available at: Sharlip ID, Jarow JP, Belker AM, Lipshultz LI, Sigman M, Thomas AJ, Schlegel PN, Howards SS, Nehra A, Damewood MD, Overstreet JW, Sadovsky R
What is BCAA Definition, Facts, Features 2
They release a cocktail of signaling molecules including TNF-alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Useful investigations include: Cytokine panels to assess ongoing inflammatory activation Lymphocyte subset analysis to characterize immune dysfunction patterns Organic acid testing to evaluate mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism Comprehensive stool analysis to assess microbiome status and intestinal permeability Cortisol and adrenal function testing Viral reactivation panels including EBV and CMV antibody titer tests Autonomic function testing, including heart rate variability analysis, and Advanced nutrient status including glutathione, CoQ10, NAD+ markers, B vitamins, and magnesium This holistic picture of your health allows for targeted interventions rather than generic symptom management, fostering more effective long COVID treatment
YFC and BW commented on the manuscript
The exact mechanisms are complex, but broadly NAD+ injections may counteract NAD+ depletion and support better cellular function, especially in high-demand tissues like the brain and muscles
