Cigarette smoke is a highly complex mixture of more than 4000 chemical compounds that are distributed in aqueous, gas, and the tar phase of the smoke
One of the biologically most active carotenoids against oxidative damage, lycopene, contains 11 conjugated double bonds and has been reported to have anticancer activities via regulation of oxidative enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), inhibitory effect on tumor growth and progression, triggering apoptosis, modulation of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, reduction of the incidence of breast, liver, pancreatic and other cancers (Tang et al
These results were also confirmed at five-year follow-up [43]
PMID: 15703015
Hydroxocobalamin $60/1 mg NAD+ $120/50 mg Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital coenzyme and cellular electron transporter present in all cells, essential for cell function and energy production
E.Castro-DopicoT.HuangR.et al