These results indicated that smoke-treated human macrophages and IL-8 produced by these macrophages facilitated inflammation, although studies on murine macrophages demonstrated that smoking remarkably suppressed the phagocytosis of macrophages and enhanced bacterial survival [134]
Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017 [accessed 2019 Jan 31]
Therefore, we separated our analysis of HRV and morphology parameters into 4 discrete phasesBaseline (BL), mid-exposure (Expo, all min of puff sessions), early after exposure (Post-, 49 min after each puff session), and late after exposure (Late Post-, 928 min after final puff session)
(Edited by Rachel John)
However, approval is not immediate
Cigarette smoking promotes inflammation in patients with COPD by affecting the polarization and survival of Th/Tregs through up-regulation of muscarinic receptor 3 and 5 expression