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The most widely used of such instruments are the Fagerstrm Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), created in 1978,(4) and its improved version, the Fagerstrm Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND, Appendix 1), both devised by Fagerstrm et al.(5,6) The FTND was developed mainly because the FTQ had significant psychometric disadvantages, such as unacceptable internal consistency, poor criterion validity and a multifactorial structure.(7) The FTND was initially developed to determine whether or not nicotine replacement therapy is needed to treat withdrawal syndrome
I spend a lot of time socialising and all my friends smoke, which was challenging, however, I've stayed strong and smoke free throughout
Who is Gyft
he was unconscious, and snorting loudly through his nose
Today, smoking remains a stubborn habit because it is an integral part of Chinese social life
Just reduce exposure when possible
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