Of all the included studies, only seven evaluated the effects of electronic cigarettes in a healthy non-tobacco smoking population, these studies revealed significant effects, including increases in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress, as well as respiratory system changes such as alterations in the transcriptomes of the respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages, and a sudden increase in airflow resistance suggesting airway obstruction
Here are some of the research team's key findings in the US for people 20 and older, from 1970 through 2022
Not dramatically in every case
Part of the reason is that the government has a vested interest in the tobacco industry
Marlboro Filter Cigarettes, Gold Pack 25's 25 EaSmooth original flavor
As Counter Tobacco, a policy resource organization says, ads build relationships with potential customers