The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Nicotine delivery of cigarettes vs vapes While there is a physical element to the habit of smoking or act of vaping, nicotine consumption is the primary objective of both
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Items 4 to 7 were reverse-coded before data analysis so that higher total scores consistently represented a stronger intention to use e-cigarettes
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and Nazik Elgaddal, M.S., July 2023, National Center for Health Statistics, "Current Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2021", Products - Data Briefs - Number 475 - July 2023 (cdc.gov), Michael Joseph Blaha, M.D., M.P.H., Johns Hopkins Medicine, "Will Vaping Lead Teens to Smoking Cigarettes?"